Cantharis canth.

Boger's Synoptic Key — Materia Medica

C. M. Boger · Boger's Synoptic Key — Materia Medica · A Synoptic Key of the Materia Medica, 1915 — the Materia Medica half

Region

MEMBRANES (Mucous and serous): URINARY ORGANS. Bladder. Pharynx. Brain. Pleura. Lower bowel. Pomum adami. Skin. Right side.

Worse

URINATING. Drinking; cold. Bright objects. Sound of water. Touch; larynx.

Better

Warmth. Rest.

General

Rapid and intense action. Excitement during the pains. CUTTING-SMARTING or BURNING-BITING PAINS; as if raw. VIOLENTLY ACUTE INFLAMMATION, or rapidly destructive. Discharge of bloody, acrid water. Serous effusion. Gangrene. Weak attacks, that take the voice away.

Copyright © Médi-T 1999

Particulars

Amorous frenzy. Rage. Yellow vision. Swelled, tremulous tongue; raw edges. Throat: full of blisters; painful swallowing. Throat and larynx painfully constricted, and as if afire. Burning thirst, but averse to liquids. Violent retching and vomiting. Sensitive over stomach and kidneys (Solid). Shreddy, burning stools, with tenesmus of rectum and bladder. BURNING, SCALDING URINE, WITH CUTTING, INTOLERABLE URGING AND FEARFUL TENESMUS OR DRIBBLING. Strangury. Dysuria. Bloody urine. Acute nephritis. Nephritic colic. Cystitis. Griping in bladder. Gonorrhœa. Dropsy. Painfully swelled genitals. Painful priapism. Pulls at penis. Sexual irritation. Pollutions. Many, short, dry coughing spells. Chest pains, > eructations. Pleurisy. Pericarditis. Vesicular erysipelas; turning dark (Ran-b.). Bullæ. Chill, during stool. Urinous sweat; on genitals.

Related

Complementary: Apis. Antidote: Aco. Cam. Related: Ap. Ars. Merc-c.

Keynotes and Characteristics with Comparisons of some of the Leading Remedies of the Materia Medica

H. C. Allen · Keynotes and Characteristics with Comparisons of some of the Leading Remedies of the Materia Medica · homeoint.org / Medi-T HTML text; edition not stated by the mirror (first edition 1898, Allen d. 1909)

Keynote

Oversensitiveness of all parts. Haemorrhages from nose, mouth, intestines, genital and urinary organs. Pain; raw, sore, burning in every part of the body, internally and externally; with extreme weakness. Disgust for everything; drink, food, tabacco. Drinking even small quantities of water increases pain in the bladder. Constant urging to urinate, passing but a few drops at the time, which is mixed with blood (sudden desire to urinate and intense itching in urethra, Petros.). Intolerable urging, before, during and after urination; violent pains in bladder. Burning, cutting pains in urethra during micturition; violent tenesmus and strangury. Stool: passage of white or pale, red, tough mucus, like scrapings from the intestines, with streaks of blood (Carb. an., Colch.). Bloody, nocturnal emission (Led., Mer., Petr.). Sexual desire: increased both sexes; preventing sleep; violent priapism, with excessive pain (Pic. ac.). Tenacious mucus in the air passages (Bov., Kali bi.); compare Cantharis if vesical symptoms correspond. Skin: vesicular erysipelas; vesicles all over body which are sore and suppurating. Erythema from exposure to sun's rays (sunburn). The burning pain and intolerable urging to urinate, is the red strand of Cantharis in all inflammatory affections.

Relations

Similar: to, Apis, Ars., Equis., Mer. Burns before blisters form and when they have formed. In the skin be unbroken, apply an alcoholic solution of any potency and cover with cotton; this will promptly relieve pain and often prevent vesication. If the skin be broken use in boiled or distilled water, and in each case give potency internally.

Key-Notes to the Materia Medica

Henry N. Guernsey · Key-Notes to the Materia Medica · homeoint.org / Médi-T HTML text (Guernsey d. 1885; public domain)

General

The chief key-notes are found in the urinary functions.

Mental

Moaning; lamenting; barking; restless; not disposed to do anything; dulness; constantly attempting to do something, but accomplishing nothing.

Head

Violent pains in; deeply in; congestion; inflammation; tearing; stitches; throbbing. Eyes, ophthalmia; dimsightedness. Ears, humming in. Nose, bleeding of; sneezing violent, ineffectual. Face, pale; wretched; sickly appearance; eruptions and blotches on.

Mouth

Much mucus; suppuration of tongue. Fistula dentalis of upper incisors.

Pharynx

Difficult to swallow liquids. Tonsils inflamed.

Gastric

Nausea while eating; after taking coffee. Appetite, loss of; aversion to drinks; to all kinds of nourishment. Sensation of fulness extending into chest and abdomen after coffee.

Abdomen

Pains in, after taking coffee; heat and burning in inflammation. Incarcerated flatus.

Urine

Cutting, burning pain in passing water; scanty secretion of; painful; too seldom; too frequent; dribbles away very slowly; flaky; like pus; reddish; bloody; with sediment; retention of; complaints during and after voiding. Affections of the bladder. Violent cutting and burning pains in the bladder before, during, and after micturition; paralysis neck of bladder, Nephritis.

Sexual

Affections of penis, as erections; urethra. Ovaries; female sexual desire too strong.

Stool

Constipation with retention of urine. In dysentery, stools look like scrapings of the mucous membrane. Diarrhœa, blood streaked mucus; white or pale reddish mucus, like scrapings of intestines. Tenesmus. Burning at the anus.

Generalities

Complaints prevailing on the right side of the head; face, right side generally; behind the ears; under jaw; lower teeth; inner region of the kidneys; in the loins; low voice; epilepsy without consciousness; pains in the kidneys, extending into the abdomen. Bleeding from inner parts; complaints in; burning in; cutting in; darting in; inflammation of; sensitiveness of.

Cantharis expels moles, dead fœtus, placenta; promotes fecundity. Hydrophobia, when attended with moaning and violent cries, interspersed with barking, as of a dog.

Worse

While drinking; from coffee; from drinking cold water; while urinating; after having urinated.

Better

From rubbing.

Remedies following

Bellad., Phosphor., Mercur., Pulsat., Sepia, Sulphur.

Antidotes

Pulsat., Camphor.

Seven Hundred Red Line Symptoms from Materia Medica

J. W. Hutchison · Seven Hundred Red Line Symptoms from Materia Medica · rewritten from Hering's and other materia medicas

Red line symptom

Scales on scalp, enormous dandruff. Intense burning pains in the mouth, throat, stomach and intestinal tract. Dysentery of blood and mucus, or like scrapings from the intestines accompanied by burning in anus and dysuria. Violent pains in bladder, with frequent urging to urinate, and intolerable tenesmus and burning; urine passed drop by drop. Violent, burning cutting pains in the urethra, before, during and after urination. Urine bloody,. or dark coloured as if mixed with blood. Strong, persistent, and painful erections; or painless and without voluptuous sensations; with sore pain along urethra. Pruritus in women. with strong sexual desire. Pain in the loins, kidneys and abdomen, with such pain on urinating that he could not pass a single drop without moaning or screaming. Erysipelatous inflammation forming blisters, or burns before blisters have formed.

Homœopathic Materia Medica

William Boericke · Homœopathic Materia Medica · 9th edition

Common name

Spanish Fly (CANTHARIS)

General

This powerful drug produces a furious disturbance in the animal economy, attacking the urinary and sexual organs especially, perverting their function, and setting up violent inflammations, and causing a frenzied delirium, simulating hydrophobia symptoms (Anagallis). Puerperal convulsions. Produces most violent inflammation of the whole gastro-intestinal canal, especially lower bowel. Oversensitiveness of all parts. Irritation. Raw, burning pains. Hæmorrhages. Intolerable, constant urging to urinate is most characteristic. Gastric, hepatic and abdominal complaints that are aggravated by drinking coffee. Gastric derangements of pregnancy. Dysuria, with other complaints. Increases secretion of mucous membranes, tenacious mucus. The inflammations cantharis produces (bladder, kidneys, ovaries, meninges, pleuritic and pericardial membranes)are usually associated with bladder irritation.

Mind

Furious delirium. Anxious restlessness, ending in rage. Crying, barking; worse touching larynx or drinking water. Constantly attempts to do something, but accomplishes nothing. Acute mania, generally of a sexual type; amorous frenzy; fiery sexual desire. Paroxysms of rage, crying, barking. Sudden loss of consciousness with red face.

Head

Burning in brain. Sensation as if boiling water in brain. Vertigo; worse in open air.

Eyes

Yellow vision (Santon). Fiery, sparkling, staring look. Burning in eyes.

Ears

Sensation as if wind were coming from ear, or hot air. Bones about ear painful (Capsic).

Face

Pale, wretched, death-like appearance. Itching vesicles on face, burning when touched. Erysipelas of face, with burning, biting heat with urinary symptoms. Hot and red.

Throat

Tongue covered with vesicles; deeply furred; edges red. Burning in mouth, pharynx, and throat; vesicles in mouth. Great difficulty in swallowing liquids. Very tenacious mucus (Kali bich). Violent spasms reproduced by touching larynx. Inflammation of throat; feels on fire. Constriction; aphthous ulceration (Hydr mur; Nit ac). Scalding feeling. Burnt after taking too hot food.

Chest

Pleurisy, as soon as effusion has taken place. Intense dyspnœa; palpitation; frequent, dry cough. Tendency to syncope. Short, hacking cough, blood-streaked tenacious mucus. Burning pains.

Stomach

Burning sensation of œsophagus and stomach (Carb). Disgust for everything-drink, food, tobacco. Burning thirst, with aversion to all fluids. Very sensitive, violent burning. Vomiting of blood-streaked membrane and violent retching. Aggravation from drinking coffee; drinking the smallest quantity increases pain in bladder, and is vomited. Thirst unquenchable.

Stool

Shivering with burning. Dysentery; mucous stools, like scrapings of intestines. Bloody, with burning and tenesmus and shuddering after stool.

Urine

Intolerable urging and tenesmus. Nephritis with bloody urine. Violent paroxysms of cutting and burning in whole renal region, with painful urging to urinate; bloody urine, by drops. Intolerable tenesmus; cutting before, during, and after urine. Urine scalds him, and is passed drop by drop. Constant desire to urinate. Membranous scales looking like bran in water. Urine jelly-like, shreddy.

Male

Strong desire; painful erections. Pain in glans (Prunus; Pareira). Priapism in gonorrhœa.

Female

Retained placenta (Sep), with painful urination. Expels moles, dead fœtuses, membranes, etc. Nymphomania (Plat; Hyos; Lach; Stram). Puerperal metritis, with inflammation of bladder. Menses too early and too profuse; black swelling of vulva with irritation. Constant discharge from uterus; worse false step. Burning pain in ovaries; extremely sensitive. Pain in os coccyx, lancinating and tearing.

Respiratory

Voice low; weak feeling. Stitches in chest (Bry; Kal c; Squilla). Pleurisy, with exudation.

Heart

Palpitation; pulse feeble, irregular; tendency to syncope. Pericarditis, with effusion.

Back

Pain in loins, with incessant desire to urinate.

Extremities

Tearing in limbs. Ulcerative pain in soles; cannot step.

Skin

Dermatitis venenata with bled formation. Secondary eczema about scrotum and genitals, following excessive perspiration. Tendency to gangrene. Eruption with mealy scales. Vesicular eruptions, with burning and itching. Sunburn. Burns, scalds, with rawness and smarting, relieved by cold applications, followed by undue inflammation. Erysipelas, vesicular type, with great restlessness. Burning in soles of feet at night.

Fever

Cold hands and feet; cold sweat. Soles burn. Chill, as if water were poured over him.

Modalities

Worse, from touch, or approach, urinating, drinking cold water or coffee. Better, rubbing.

Relationship

Antidotes: Acon; Camph; Puls.

Compare: Cantharidin--(Glomerular nephritis). The immediate pharmacological action of Cantharidin is irritability of the capillaries, rendering the passage of nutritive fluids through them less difficult. This is most marked in the capillaries of the kidneys. The increase of blood sugar coincident with the glomerular nephritis appears to be a valuable observation. Vesicaria--(Urinary and kidney remedy. Smarting, burning sensation along urethra and in bladder with frequent desire to void urine often with strangury. Cystitis, irritable bladder. Tincture 5-10 drop doses). Fuschina coloring substance used in adulteration of wine (Cortical nephritis with albuminuria, 6th-30th potency. Redness of ears, mouth, swollen gums; deep, red urine; red, profuse diarrhœa, with severe abdominal pains). Androsace lactea (urinary troubles, diuretic; dropsy). Apis; Ars; Merc cor.

Complementary: Camph.

Dose

Sixth to thirtieth potency. Bears repeated doses well. Locally, in burns and eczema, 1x and 2x, in water, or as cerate.

Leaders in Homoeopathic Therapeutics

E. B. Nash · Leaders in Homoeopathic Therapeutics · homeoint.org / Médi-T HTML text (Nash d. 1917; public domain)

Leaders

Frequent urging to urinate, with straining and cutting, burning pains.

Small unsatisfactory quantity passed at a time, or bloody urine.

Excessive burning pains (eyes, mouth, throat, stomach, intestinal tract; all the mucous surfaces and skin).

Stringy and tenacious discharges from the mucous membranes.

Nearly all complaints accompanied with the characteristic urinary symptoms.

Erysipelas, with blebs or large blisters filled with water and burning pain; useful for surface burns (locally).

Uncontrollable anguish, furious rage, frenzied delirium; strong sexual desire, both sexes.

Disgust for everything; drink, food, tobacco.

Dysenteric stools, bloody and shreddy, like scrapings from intestines, with tenesmus in rectum and bladder.

If I were to select the one remedy with which to prove the truth of the formula similia, etc., I think this would be the one. There is no remedy that so surely, and so violently, irritates and inflames the urinary organs, and no remedy so promptly cures such irritation when it puts on, the Cantharis type or form, which it often does.

H N. Guernsey wrote: "It is a singular fact, though known to most practitioners, that there be frequent micturition attended with burning, cutting pain, or if not so frequent and the cutting, burning pain attends the flow, Cantharis is almost always the remedy for whatever other suffering where may be, even in inflammation of the brain or lungs." He might have added in the throat, and mucous membranes all through the intestinal tract, even to the rectum and anus, and in the pleura or on the skin.

He also wrote: "Cantharis should always be remembered and studied in treating affections of the air passages when the mucus is tenacious." (Hydrastis, Kali bichrom. Coccus cacti, etc.) I had the pleasure of verifying the truth of this in the case of a lady who had suffered a long time with bronchitis.

The mucus was so profuse, and tenacious, and ropy, that I thought of Kali bichromicum, and thought it must be the remedy; but it did not even ameliorate, and she got worse all the time, until one day she mentioned that she had great cutting and burning on urinating, which she must do very frequently.

On the strength of the urinary symptom, for I knew nothing of its curative powers on the respiratory organs at that time, I gave her Cantharis. The effect was magical.

It is needless to describe the mutual delight of both physician and patient in such a case, for it was astonishing the rapidity with which the perfect and permanent cure of the case was accomplished.

Let us notice still further the effects of this remedy upon the urinary organs by calling attention to a few symptoms that have been both produced in proving and cured ab usu in morbis.

I have learned to place the highest estimate upon such symptoms. To be sure there are many symptoms in our great Materia Medica that have come to us through clinical sources only, and very valuable ones, too. But they cannot be received with such implicit confidence on short acquaintance as those that are both pathogenetic and clinical. They should always be separated when possible, as they were in "Hull's Jahr" of old. Here are a few of them. "Violent pains in bladder, with frequent urging to urinates with intolerable tenesmus." "Violent burning cutting pains in the neck of the bladder." "Before, during and after urinating fearful cutting pains in the urethra" "Constant urging to urinate; urine passed drop by drop with extreme pain." "Urine scalds him; it is passed drop by drop."

No homœopathist meeting these symptoms in a case would fail to think of Cantharis at once, no matter what else ailed the patient, as it has cured the most diverse and varied diseases when occurring in conjunction with these urinary symptoms. How any physician of any school can deny the truth of similia similibus curantur in the light of such testimony of proof can only be accounted for on the principle of "none so blind as those who will not see."

Cantharis has also very decided action upon the skin. In erysipelas it is sometimes the best remedy, and choice has to be made between it and Apis, which also sometimes has great urinary irritation in such cases. In the Apis cases there is apt to be more œdema; in Cantharis more blistering. In Cantharis the burning is more intense than under the Apis, while in the latter there is more stinging. The urinary symptoms, if present, are very much more intense under Cantharis.- Again, the mind symptoms of the two remedies are quite different. In the Apis cases, aside from the stinging pains which make the patient cry out sharply at times, especially if the eruption inclines to "go in" and attack the membranes of the brain, the patient may not be so very restless and complaining; but in the Cantharis case the patient is uneasy, restless, dissatisfied, distressed, sometimes moaning or violently crying; wants to be moved about constantly. The mind symptoms actually make one think of Arsenicum album, and when we take into account the intense burning it is doubly so. So that it would be very easy to get confused between these two remedies, as well as Cantharis and Apis. If great thirst is also present it would make us think of Arsenic, And now we are upon the skin, Cantharis is a great remedy for burns, both locally as an application and internally for the more chronic conditions and sequelæ. In all skin troubles where blebs or watery vesicles form, which burn and itch, or when touched burn and smart, we do well to remember Cantharis, and look further to find more symptoms, if present, to corroborate it. Hering used to challenge skeptics to burn their fingers, and then cure them by dipping the fingers into water medicated with Cantharis. So great was his faith in it.

I will call attention to a sensational symptom of Cantharis which I believe is underestimated in practice. It is the sensation of Burning. If any remedy deserves to be placed alongside Arsenicum for burning it is this one. I will quote so as to bring all together, in a way to impress upon our memory the burnings of Cantharis. "Inflammation of the eyes particularly when caused by a burn." "Burning in mouth, throat, and stomach." Great thirst, with burning pain in throat and stomach. "Violent burning pain in stomach in region of pylorus." "Violent burning pain and heat through whole intestinal tract." "Passage of white or pale-red tough mucus with the stool like scrapings from intestines, with streaks of blood; after stool colic relieved, burning, biting, and stinging in the anus." "Great burning pain in the ovarian regions." "Peritonitis with burning pain, abdomen sensitive and tenesmus of the bladder." "Burning and stinging of the larynx, especially when attempting to hawk up tough mucus." "Burning in the chest."

We have already spoken of the burnings connected with affections of the urinary organs, and also of the burnings of the skin in erysipelas and other eruptions upon the surface.

This seems to me to be sufficient to impress upon the reader the value of this symptom belonging to this remedy. I will close by calling attention to its effect upon the membranes to increase their secretion. This action is positive and is a valuable indication for its use.

Text Book of Materia Medica

Adolph Lippe · Text Book of Materia Medica · homeoint.org / Médi-T HTML text (Lippe d. 1888; public domain)

Mind and Disposition

Anxious restlessness, ending in rage. Paroxysms of rage, with crying, barking and beating ; they are renewed by the sight of dazzling, bright objects ; when touching the larynx ; when trying to drink water. Amorous frenzy, with shameless, unchaste gesticulations. Delirium. Hydrophobia.

Head

Soreness and burning in the brain. Burning in the sides of the head, ascending from the neck, with soreness and giddiness ; worse in the morning and afternoon ; when standing or sitting ; better when walking or lying down.

Eyes

Eyes protruding ; fiery, sparkling, staring look. Involuntary spasmodic movement of the eyes. The eyes look yellow. Burning and soreness in the eyes. Things look yellow.

Nose

Erysipelatous inflammation of the dorsum of the nose, tending to the cheeks (right side) with hardness subsequent desquamation.

Face

Death-like appearance ; expression of terror and despair. Sunken, hippocratic countenance. Yellow complexion. Hot, red, swollen face.

Mouth and Throat

Suppuration of the gums. Fistula dentalis (suppurating) (upper incisors). Burning in the mouth, extending down the pharynx, œsophagus and stomach ; worse from drinking cold water. Inflammation of the mouth and pharynx. Inflammation arid suppuration of the tonsils, with inability to swallow. Painless inability to swallow. Expectoration of frothy saliva, streaked with blood. Feeble voice, from debility of the organs. Inflammation arid suppuration of the tongue.

Appetite and Taste

Thirst, with aversion to all fluids.

Stomach and Abdomen

Violent burning pain (inflammation) in the stomach. Sensitiveness of the stomach ; also externally. Inflammation of the liver.

Stool and Anus

Diarrhœa of mucus, followed by pun in the abdomen, or bloody discharges. Dysentery ; discharges of blood-streaked mucus, or white mucus, looking like the scraping from the intestines. During stool, burning in the anus ; prolapsus ani. After stool, chilliness and tenesmus.

Urinary Organs

Burning, stinging and tearing in the kidneys. (Inflammation of the kidneys). Pressing pain in the kidneys, extending to the bladder ; along the ureters ; relieved by pressing upon the glans. Desire to urinate constant, with inability to urinate, or with difficult emission of a few drops only. Discharge of blood by drops ; hæmorrhage from the urethra. Spasmodic pain in the bladder, with suppression of urine. Discharge of bloody mucus from the bladder. (Inflammation of the bladder). During micturition, burning or cutting pain in the urethra. (Inflammation of the urethra).

Sexual Organs

Men. Inflammation of the genitals. Painful erection (with gonorrhœa) with strong sexual desire (priapism). Women. Catamenia too early and too profuse (blood black). Inflammation of the ovaries. Swelling of the neck of the uterus.

Chest

Sensation of weakness in the respiratory organs. Oppression of breathing, with sensation of constriction of the pharynx. Stitches in the chest, during air inspiration. (Inflammation of the lungs). Burning and stinging in the larynx, especially when attempting to hawk up tough mucus. Hoarseness ; weak, indistinct voice.

Back

Tearing in the back (after rising from a seat). Stiffness in the nape of the neck, with tension when bending it over. Opisthotonos.

Extremities

Lower. Coxalgia, with spasmodic pains in the bladder, and strangury. Soles of the feet sore (ulcerating pain).

Generalities

Over-sensitiveness of all parts. Burning, with soreness, especially in the cavities of the body. Tearing (rheumatism) in the limbs ; relieved by rubbing.

Fever

Pulse hard, full and rapid. Pulsation through the trembling limbs. Chilliness, principally in the evening ; not relieved by heat. Burning heat, with anxiety and thirst. Perspiration ; cold, especially on the hands and feet ; on the genitals. Perspiration smells like urine.

Skin

Erysipelatous inflammation ; burning ; raising blisters. Itching pustules, burning when tone touched. Itching and tearing in the ulcers. Blisters, from burns.

Conditions

The conditions return every seven days. The right side is mostly affected. Aggravation from coffee (and oil). Amelioration, from lying down.

A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica

John Henry Clarke · A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica · 1st edition (1900-02, three volumes); homeoint.org / Médi-T HTML digitization

General

Cantharis vesicator. Lytta vesicator. Spanish fly. N. O. Insecta, Coleoptera. Tincture or trituration of living insects.

Clinical

Bladder affections. Burns . Chordee. Diphtheria. Dysentery. Eczema. Emissions. Erotomania . Erysipelas. Eyes, inflammation of. Gastritis. Gonorrhœa. Herpes zoster . Hydrophobia. Kidneys, affections of . Mania. Neuralgia. Nymphomania. Ovaries, affections of. Peritonitis. Pleurisy. Pregnancy, disorders of . Retained placenta. Satyriasis. Scarlatina. Spermatorrhœa. Strangury. Thirst. Throat, sore. Tongue, inflammation of. Urine, abnormal . Vesication of skin.

Characteristics

Cantharis belongs to the animal kingdom and finds its most prominent sphere of action in exciting the animal passions. There is anger in a very acute degree amounting to paroxysms of rage; and a corresponding condition of the bodily tissues. The word " irritation " best expresses the totality of the Cantharis effects. The pains are burning, and sharp, lancinating along the course of a nerve. Neuralgia of head and face from taking cold, with loud screams and jerking of muscles. The slightest touch or approach aggravates the mental symptoms. Violent spasms reproduced by touching larynx. There is also < from dazzling objects and by water ─ completing the hydrophobia picture. It may be well to remember in this connection the violent erotic action of Canth ., for many have maintained that rabies only arises among domesticated animals where sexual functions are under more or less abnormal conditions. Guernsey gives as the special indications in hydrophobia: "Moaning and violent cries, interspersed with barking." Canth . produces amorous frenzy, unbounded sexual desire; also sexual erethism and excitability. It acts on the brain, producing inflammation of the tissues. The eyes are bright, pupils widely dilated. Erysipelas commencing in nose. The face is generally pale or yellowish, with an expression of deep-seated suffering. There is diphtheritic inflammation of throat, severe burning, constriction; thirst, with aversion to drinking. The stomach is inflamed. Pain in abdomen colic-like, doubling the patient up, cutting, burning, lancinating. Dysenteric stools with tenesmus. In the genito-urinary region the most intense action is developed. There is extreme superficial sensitiveness in hypogastrium (especially when the bladder is full), attended with unbearable tenesmus vesicæ. Cutting, burning pains from the kidney down to urethra. Strangury. Can pass only a few drops, like molten lead. Irritation of all grades. The sexual appetite is aroused to the point of mania. Coitus does not always reduce it. On the skin and serous membranes the irritating effects of the remedy are equally pronounced. Pleurisy with effusion has been cured by the remedy given internally. Burning, stitches, shooting pains and exudation are the indications. So the fly-blister treatment of olden days had more to say for itself than those who used it knew. Vesication is the note of its effects on the skin and indicates its use in burns of the first degree, erysipelas, blisters. In burns the part may be treated with a lotion containing a few drops of the tincture to the ounce of water, a dilution being given internally. An ointment made with the 3x is a good application for herpes zoster. H. N. Guernsey observed that Canth . is almost always the remedy for whatever other sufferings there may be, when there is as well frequent micturition with burning, cutting pain; or if cutting burning pain attends the flow, even when micturition is not very frequent. Guernsey also pointed out that Canth . should be studied in treating affections of the air-passages when the mucus is tenacious. Nash records a case in which this observation led him to make a pretty cure. Kali bich . had completely failed to relieve a lady who had suffered long from bronchitis. The mucus was profuse, tenacious, and ropy. One day the patient mentioned that she had great cutting and burning on urinating, which she was obliged to do very frequently. Canth , made a rapid cure. Canth . has cured a case of malarial cachexia in which the symptoms were always < when the urine was scanty. "Burning" runs through the Canth . pathogeneses in a very striking way. Another marked feature of the remedy is its effect in increasing the secretions of membranes. Canth . "expels moles, dead fetus, placentæ; promotes fecundity" (Guernsey). The < is: from drinking; from coffee; from drinking cold water; whilst urinating; after urinating; from touch. > From rubbing; from warm applications.

Relations

Antidotes: Camph. antidotes the strangury and retention of urine of Canth., Apis the cystitis, Kali nit. the renal symptoms. For its throat symptoms it is nearest to Capsicum. Other antidotes: Acon., Lauro., Puls. Canth. is antidote to: Camph., Vinegar, Alcohol. Compatible: Bell., Merc., Pho., Pul., Sep., Sul. Incompatible: Coffea. Compare: Doryph., Coccus cact., Coccionella, Apis, Bell., Bry., Can. s. (more burning and smarting; Canth. more tenesmus); Petros. (sudden urging); Caps; Puls. (retained placenta); Ars. (delayed urination after parturition); Thuja (erections; those of Canth. prevent urination; those of Thuja do not); Merc. (semen mixed with blood); Sarsapar. (urine burns like fire, shreddy particles and blood in it); Arum, Arn., Rhus, Ranunc. scel. (Teste classes Canth. with Senega and Phos. ac. in his Conium group.)

Mind

Dejected and lachrymose humour. ─ Anxious inquietude, with agitation, which necessitates constant motion. ─ Want of confidence in one's self. ─ Pusillanimity and timidity. ─ Disposition to be angry, and to fly into a rage. ─ Paroxysms of rage, with cries, blows, and barkings, renewed on feeling the gullet, and at the sight of water. ─ Delirium. ─ Insanity. ─ Mania, with extravagant acts and gestures. ─ Constantly attempting to do something, but accomplishing nothing.

Head

Vertigo, with loss of consciousness, and mist before the sight, chiefly in the open air. ─ Headache, which interrupts sleep at night. ─ Pressive lancinations in the head, which disappear on walking. ─ Acute drawing pains in the head, with vertigo. ─ Congestion in the head. ─ Throbbing in the brain, and heat, which ascends to the head. ─ Sensation of burning in the head, as if the interior were raw, with inflammation of the brain. ─ Drawing, jerking, and gnawing in the bones of the head. ─ Headache, as if the hair were pulled. ─ Hair standing on end. ─ Headache, as if coming from the nape of the neck, and wishing to escape by the forehead. ─ Burning in the sides of the head, ascending from the neck, with soreness and giddiness; < in the morning and afternoon; when standing or sitting; > when walking or lying down.

Eyes

Pain in the eyes, with sensation as if the eyelids were excoriated, chiefly when they are opened. ─ Inflammation of the eyes, with burning smarting. ─ Yellowish colour of the eyes. ─ Prominence, and convulsive movements of the eyes; fiery, sparkling, staring look. ─ Objects seemed to be tinged with a yellow hue.

Ears

Inflammation and burning heat of the ears.

Nose

Swelling of the nose, even in the interior, with redness and burning heat. ─ Erysipelatous inflammation of the dorsum of the nose, extending to the cheeks (r.) with hardness and subsequent desquamation. ─ Fetid and sickly smell before the nose. ─ Coryza of long duration, and catarrh, with copious flow of viscid mucus from the nose.

Face

Paleness of the face. ─ Face hollow, hippocratic, with features which express anguish and despair. ─ Yellowish colour of the face. ─ Erysipelatous inflammation and desquamation of the cheeks. ─ Burning redness and swelling of the face. ─ Swelling at one side of the face (r.), with tension. ─ Swelling and inflammation of the lips. ─ Fissure and exfoliation of the lips. ─ Trismus.

Teeth

Toothache, generally drawing, < by eating. ─ Fistula in the gums. ─ Ulceration of the gums.

Mouth

Taste of cedar pitch in the mouth. ─ Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth. ─ Inflammation of the mouth and pharynx. ─ Inflammation and suppuration of the tonsils, with inability to swallow. ─ Burning in the mouth, extending down the pharynx, œsophagus and stomach; < from drinking cold water. ─ Phlegmonous inflammation of the interior of the cheek. ─ Aphthæ in the mouth. ─ Frothy salivation, with streaks of blood. ─ Foam at the mouth. ─ Coagulated blood coming from the mouth. ─ Inflammatory swelling and suppuration of the tongue. ─ Suppuration of the gums. ─ Fistula dentalis (suppurating) (upper incisors). ─ Weakness of the organs of speech, and languid diction.

Throat

Sore throat, on swallowing. ─ Difficult deglutition, with strangulation in the throat, and nocturnal regurgitation of food. ─ Impeded deglutition, esp. in the case of liquids. ─ Burning in the throat, on swallowing. ─ Inflammation and ulceration of the tonsils and of the throat; with inability to swallow. ─ Burning pains in the throat, < by drinking water.

Appetite

Loss of taste. ─ Taste of pitch in the mouth and in the throat. ─ Thirst, from dryness of the lips, with repugnance to all drinks. ─ Want of appetite, with disgust and repugnance to all sorts of food.

Stomach

Risings, with burning sensation, as if from pyrosis, aggravated by drinking. ─ Sob-like risings, which seem to take an inverse direction and to return towards the stomach. ─ Vomiting of undigested food. ─ Vomiting of bilious and slimy substances, or of blood. ─ Great sensitiveness of the precordial region. ─ Pressive fulness, with anxiety and inquietude in the stomach. ─ Smarting and burning pains in the stomach. ─ Inflammation of the stomach.

Abdomen

Pains in abdomen, after taking coffee. ─ Inflammation of the liver. ─ Shootings and contraction in r. hypochondrium. ─ Great sensibility of the abdomen to the touch. ─ Burning pain in the abdomen, from the gullet to the rectum. ─ Burning pain above the navel, on coughing, on sneezing, on blowing the nose, with yellowish spots on the part affected. ─ Inflammation of the intestines. ─ Dropsical swelling of the abdomen. ─ Incarceration of flatulency under the hypochondria.

Stool and Anus

Constipation and hard fæces. ─ Diarrhœa, with evacuation of frothy matter, or of greenish mucus, with cutting pains after the evacuation and burning pains in the rectum. ─ During stool, burning in the anus; prolapsus ani. ─ After stool, chilliness and tenesmus. ─ Dysenteric diarrhœa, with nocturnal evacuation of whitish mucus, and of solid pieces, like false membranes, with streaks of blood. ─ Sanguineous evacuations.

Urinary Organs

Retention of urine, with cramp-like pains in the bladder. ─ Urgent and ineffectual efforts to make water, with painful emission, drop by drop. ─ Difficult emission of urine, in a weak and scattered stream. ─ Increased secretion of urine. ─ Urine, pale yellow, or of a deep red colour. ─ Flow of sanguineous mucus from the bladder. ─ Emission of blood, drop by drop. ─ Purulent urine. ─ Burning smarting, on making water. ─ Incisive pains in the front part of the urethra, during the emission of urine, and afterwards. ─ Sharp, tearing, and incisive pains, successive pullings and pulsations in the urinary organs. ─ Burning, stinging and tearing in the kidneys. ─ Pressing pain in the kidneys, extending to the bladder; along the ureters; relieved by pressing upon the glans. ─ Inflammation and ulceration of the kidneys, of the bladder, and of the urethra. ─ Exceedingly painful sensibility of the region of the bladder on its being touched.

Male Sexual Organs

Draggings in the spermatic cord, on making water. ─ Inflammation and gangrene of the genital parts. ─ Painful swelling of the testes. ─ Sexual desire greatly increased, with painful, frequent erections (with gonorrhœa), of long continuance, as in priapismus. ─ Ready emission, during amorous caresses. ─ Spermatorrhœa. ─ After coition, burning pain in the urethra.

Female Sexual Organs

Catamenia premature and too copious, with black blood and pains during the flow. ─ Voiding of moles, of fœtus, and of placentæ. ─ Inflammation of the ovaries. ─ Swelling of the cervix uteri. ─ Corrosive leucorrhœa, with burning sensation on making water, and excitement of sexual desire.

Respiratory Organs

Hoarseness, with painful rattling of viscid mucus, copious, and coming from the chest, and with incisive shootings in the trachea. ─ Oppression of breathing, with sensation of constriction of the pharynx. ─ Stitches in the chest during air inspiration. (Inflammation of the lungs.). ─ Inflammation of the larynx. ─ Sensation of excessive weakness in the organs of respiration, on speaking and on breathing deeply. ─ Voice feeble, timid, and trembling.

Chest

Respiration rendered difficult and oppressed by constriction of the throat, and dryness of the nose. ─ Suspension of respiration in going up a hill, with rattling in the chest and nausea. ─ Shootings in the chest, and in the sides. ─ Burning pains in the chest, from whence small clots of blood are at times detached. ─ Palpitation of the heart.

Neck and Back

Stiffness in the nape of the neck, with tension when bending it over. ─ Acute drawing pains in the back. ─ Tearing in the back (after rising from a seat). ─ Sensation of constriction in the spine. ─ Emprosthotonos and opisthotonos.

Limbs

Weakness and swelling of limbs. ─ Dropsical swelling of hands and feet. ─ Cold sweat of hands and feet.

Upper Limbs

Acute tractive pains in the arms. ─ Want of strength in the hands. ─ Eczematous eruption on dorsum of hand and between fingers, itching and burning fearfully, < from cold water, > from warmth.

Lower Limbs

Pains in the hips, with spasmodic sufferings in the urinary passages. ─ Acute tractive, piercing pains, in the legs, from the feet to the hips. ─ Trembling of the legs. ─ Darting pain from r. foot to r. side of h cad in paroxysms.

Generalities

Burning pains, as from excoriation, in all the cavities of the body. ─ Acute shootings towards the interior in different parts. ─ Drawing, arthritic pains in the limbs, with affection of the urinary ducts, mitigated by rubbing. ─ Violent pains, with groans and lamentations. ─ Sensation of dryness in the joints. ─ Want of flexibility of the whole body. ─ Dejection and weakness, with excessive sensibility in all parts of the body, trembling, and desire to lie down. ─ Prostration of strength, proceeding even to paralysis. ─ Convulsions, tetanus. ─ The sufferings show themselves chiefly on the r. side, and are mitigated in a recumbent posture. ─ The symptoms are renewed every seven days.

Skin

Itching vesicles, with burning pain on being touched. ─ Blisters, from burns. ─ Erysipelatous inflammations. ─ Acute drawing pains in ulcers, with increased suppuration.

Sleep

Great drowsiness, esp. in the afternoon, with yawnings and stretching. ─ Sleeplessness without apparent cause. ─ At night, half sleep, with frequent waking.

Fever

Pulse hard, full and rapid. ─ Fever, which manifests itself only by cold. ─ Cold and shivering, with cutis anserina and paleness of the face. ─ Thirst only after the shivering. ─ Perspiration; cold, esp. on the hands and feet; on the genitals. ─ Sweat, of the smell of urine. ─ Pulsation through the trembling limbs.

The Guiding Symptoms of Our Materia Medica

Constantine Hering · The Guiding Symptoms of Our Materia Medica · 1879–91

Mind

Unconsciousness, lies with outstretched arms ; sudden starting up, screaming, throwing arms about. θ Metritis.
Sudden loss of consciousness with red face. θ Dentition.
Lies in a stupor with cold surface and occasional jerks.
Uremic coma, delirium and convulsions.
Forgetfulness.
Strange ideas crowd on him against his will.
Confusion ; distraction of mind ; inability to concentrate thought.
Confusion of head and pulsation in forehead, in morning.
Hallucinations, especially at night ; deliria of people long dead.
Furious delirium, with crying, barking and biting ; confusion of head, anxious restlessness ; cold sweat, especially on hands and feet.
Almost frenzied delirium.
Paroxysms of rage, renewed by sight of dazzling, bright objects, or touching larynx when trying to drink water.
Whining and complaining, with anxious restlessness, < from motion, > lying quiet.
Constantly attempting to do something, but accomplishing nothing.
Despondent and low-spirited, says she must die.
Fear, confusion of ideas, she could not think clearly. θ Vesical hemorrhoids.
Great amativeness ; amorous frenzy.
Unbounded frantic sexual desire. θ Mania.
Exceedingly sensitive to all impressions ; irritable and blaspheming. θ Traumatic neuralgia.
Insolent and contradictory mood, in afternoon.
Uneasiness day and night, with hot head.
Anxious restlessness, ending in rage.
Great restlessness, obliging him to move constantly ; great activity of mind.

Sensorium

Vertigo : and staggering ; and fainting ; while walking in open air, with transient attacks of unconsciousness ; appearance of fog before eyes.
Heaviness of head.

Inner head

Soreness and burning in brain.
Dull heavy pain in forehead.
Confusion of head in morning with pulsations in forehead.
Burning in sides of head, ascending from neck, with soreness and giddiness ; < morning and afternoon ; when standing or sitting ; > while walking or lying down.
Stitches in side of head and occiput.
Painful tearing on vertex, with sensation as if some one was pulling a lock of hair upward.
Violent lancinating pains deep in brain, especially in occiput. θ Cerebro-spinal meningitis.
Heaviness in occiput, with drowsiness and incapacity to think.
Head and throbbing in head.
Sensation of fulness, with head rising up into head, with anxiousness.
Headache from washing or bathing.
Cerebro-spinal meningitis : paroxysms of rage and fury ; pain deep in brain, with an expression of great suffering ; base of brain is chief seat of pain ; urine dribbles or passes with burning-cutting pain.

Outer head

Hair falls out when combing. θ During confinement or lactation.
Scales on scalp ; enormous dandruff.

Sight and eyes

Objects look yellow.
Eyes look yellow.
Burning in eyes and glowing heat, as from coals.
Biting sensation, as of salt in eyes.
Smarting in eyes.
Lachrymation in open air ; must close eyes ; on opening lids, margins pain as if sore, like raw flesh.
Inflammation of eyes, particularly when caused by a burn.
Eyes protruding ; fiery, sparkling, staring look.
Involuntary spasmodic movement of eyes.
Eyes sunken, surrounded by blue rings.
Eyes restlessly in motion, at times staring, always, however, with a frightful look ; pupils contracted. θ Acute mania.
Right eye looks bleared, congested, inflamed ; pain < night, cannot red then ; sight quite good ; commenced with feeling as of lashes in eye ; urine scalds.

Hearing and ears

Ringing, humming, or roaring in ears.
Tearing in right ear right mastoid process, as if bone would be torn out.
A hot exhalation passes, at intervals, and frequently, out from ears.

Smell and nose

Coryza with pains in limbs ; also chronic coryza.
Erysipelatous inflammation of dorsum of nose, spreading to both cheeks, but more to right ; followed by desquamation.
Secretion of much tenacious mucus from nose, without sneezing ; hoarseness and painful hawking of tough mucus from chest ; nightly dry cutting stitches along trachea, externally.

Upper face

Expression of extreme suffering, terror or despair.
Sunken, hippocratic countenance.
Deathlike look during and after the pains.
Face : hot, red and swollen ; swollen and puffy ; flushed when stooping ; yellow, or very pale.
Face fallen in ; cheeks bluish. θ Acute mania.
Erysipelas beginning on dorsum of nose and spreading to cheeks, more to right.

Lower face

Dry lips without thirst.
The jaws tightly closed, almost approaching trismus, especially when they wished to give her water or medicine, which she prevented by angrily tossing about. θ Acute mania.

Teeth and gums

Grinding teeth. θ Meningitis. θ Typhus.
Painful red spot, size of a pin's head, over carious root of an upper incisor ; discharges pus from a small opening in centre, when pressed.
Gums spongy and swollen. θ Suppurative metritis.
Scurvy ; coagulated blood in mouth in morning on waking ; bloody urine.

Taste, speech, tongue

Taste : bitter ; lost ; gold tooth-plate tastes coppery.
Speech weak and timorous.
Trembling of tongue.
Tongue fiery red. θ Facial erysipelas.
Tongue : thickly furred, red at edges ; swollen and thickly coated ; and back of mouth, in part excoriated, in part covered with blisters.
Inflammation of tongue with vesicles.
Sublingual glands swollen with vesicles.

Inner mouth

Mucous membrane red and covered with small blisters.
Loss of epithelium on lips, tongue and palate. θ Dysentery.
Burning pain in mouth, throat and stomach.
Dryness in mouth.
Vesicles and cankers in mouth and throat. θ Dysentery.
Lining of mouth and throat covered with white blisters from size of pin's head to that of a bean.
Salivation : copious ; tasteless ; disgustingly sweet.

Palate and throat

Expectoration of frothy saliva streaked with blood.
Mucus in posterior nares must be hawked into mouth to be discharged.
Burning sensation in throat, which feels as if on fire.
Burning in throat, with scraped sensation and spitting of blood.
Spasmodic constriction and intense pain at back of throat.
Throat inflamed and covered with plastic lymph.
Aphthous ulcer at back part of fauces, covered with a whitish adherent crust ; a similar one on right tonsil.
Throat swollen.
Swallowing very difficult. θ Tonsillitis.
Difficult deglutition with nocturnal regurgitation.
Water drunk regurgitates through nose. θ Sequel of burn.
Inflammation and suppuration of tonsils.
Diphtheria : dysuria ; urine contains shreds or coats of uriniferous tubuli ; extreme prostration, sinking, deathlike turns ; irritable looking rash upon skin or shining through epidermis.
Throat : < in afternoon and at night ; < while drinking and from wet poultices ; > while lying down.

Appetite, thirst. desires, aversions

Diminished appetite.
Canine hunger, particularly for meat.
Great thirst, with burning pain in throat and stomach.
Thirst, with aversion to all fluids.
Disgust for everything ; drink, food and tobacco.
Coffee disagrees.

Eating and drinking

After drinking coffee, sensation of fulness.
Drinking even small quantities of water, increases pain in bladder.
Great thirst, but drinking, or even sight of water, increases pain.

Hiccough, belching, nausea and vomiting

Empty eructations ; eructations of sour, frothy mucus, tinged bright red.
Nausea and vomiting.
Vomiting : of water drunk, also of blood ; greenish, offensive ; of bile and ingesta ; of frothy mucus, tinged bright red.
Vomiting, with violent retching and severe colic. θ Pregnancy.
Vomiting of bile. θ Phrenitis.

Scrobiculum and stomach

Acute pain in region of stomach and bladder, with such exquisite sensibility that slightest pressure produces convulsions.
Violent burning pain in stomach.
Burning in region of pylorus.
Pressure in scrobiculum after eating.
Sensation of fulness, extending to chest and abdomen, after taking coffee.
Nightly regurgitation of food.
Chronic gastritis with dysuria.

Hypochondria

Incarceration of flatus under short ribs.
Inflammation of liver and diaphragm.
Right side of liver painful and sensitive. θ Yellow fever.
Splenic troubles.

Abdomen and loins

Abdomen swollen and tympanitic above ; yields a dull sound below. θ Puerperal fever.
Great distension and tenderness in belly.
Abdomen sensitive, and burning pain about umbilicus. θ Cholera
Violent burning pain and heat through whole intestinal tract, with painful sensitiveness to touch.
Cutting in abdomen.
Sensation of great fulness in lower part of abdomen.
Cutting, stitching, or burning in groins.
Peritonitis, with burning pains in abdomen and urinary tenesmus.
Ascites.

Stools and rectum

No stool or urine for 48 hours. θ Acute mania.
Copious stools.
Frequent small, corrosive stools, with colic and pinching.
Stools : yellow, brown, watery ; white, with tenesmus.
Diarrhœa of blood and mucus.
Feces red, slimy or green.
Passage of white or pale red tough mucus with stool, like scrapings from intestines, with streaks of blood.
Passage of pure blood from anus and urethra.
Before stool : straining ; urging ; colic.
During stool : cutting, colicky pains ; burning in anus ; prolapse of rectum ; pressing and urging, extorting cries.
Stool daily but insufficient, with painful straining on bladder. θ Catarrh of bladder.
After stool : colic relieved ; burning, biting and stinging in anus ; straining ; faintness ; shuddering.
Chilliness as though water was poured over one, with internal warmth.
Desire for stool while urinating.
Pain in perineum, seemingly arising from neck of bladder.

Urinary organs

Dull pressing pains in both kidneys.
Pain in region of kidneys and urging to urinate, steadily increasing in severity.
Constant, dull painful sensation in region of kidneys, late in evenings.
Paroxysmal cutting and burning pains in both kidneys, the region very sensitive to slightest touch, alternating with pain in tip of penis ; urging to urinate ; painful evacuation, by drops, of bloody urine and, at times, of pure blood.
Inflammation of kidneys ; excessively violent pains of bladder ; gangrene of mucous coat of bladder ; paralysis of neck of bladder ; desire to urinate, frequent and violent, with scanty discharge with great pain, and often bloody.
Dull, heavy distensive pain in region of kidney, either side, no relief in any position ; continued rolling and twisting of body, with groans and cries, resulting in nausea, retching and vomiting, unless the stomach is empty ; no great desire to
urinate, but a tingling thrill running down dorsum to penis to glans. θ Renal calculus.
Very frequent painful straining, but with discharge of so small quantity that he had to be frequently catheterized, which caused terrible pain ; urine cloudy, of a somewhat bright yellow color ; after standing a little, a sediment of mucus and phosphatic salts appeared :
immediately on being passed was of alkaline reaction ; some pus with the urine ; region of bladder very sensitive to pressure ; attacks of painful urination more frequent and painful at night, he slept but little. θ Catarrh
of bladder.
Every two hours an attack of very painful urging to urinate, during which, with whining or groaning, a quantity of clear urine was discharged, accompanied by pressure on rectum and passage each time of a little soft, but otherwise normal stool. θ Bladder
complaint in an old man.
Violent tenesmus vesicæ and strangury.
Painful discharge of a few drops of bloody urine, causing very severe sharp pain, as if a red-hot iron was passed along urethra ; this pain was most acutely felt as membranous portion of canal, and in meatus urinarius.
Cutting and contracting pains from ureters down towards penis ; at times pains pass from without inward ; pressure on glans relieves pain somewhat.
Violent burning, cutting pains in neck of bladder, extending to fossa navicularis, < before and after urinating.
Violent pains in bladder with frequent urging ; intolerable tenesmus.
Heaviness in bladder, feels sore on slightest motion.
Urging to urinate from smallest quantity of urine in bladder.
Dribbling discharge, reddish, sometimes mixed with blood.
Urging, < when standing, and still more when walking ; > when sitting.
With urging to urinate, stitching pain in forepart of neck of bladder ; on continued urging only a few drops pass.
Frequent painful urination, constantly preceded by violent pain in glans.
Ardor urinæ.
Before, during and after urinating fearful cutting pains in urethra ; she must double herself and scream from pains.
Burning, when urinating, and when not.
Urine passes in thin and divided stream. θ Stricture.
Fruitless effort to urinate.
Frequent and copious urination.
Enuresis.
Retention of urine, causing pain. θ Suppressed gonorrhœa.
Urine contained (when finally passed) much albumen, was almost black. θ Acute mania.
Urine dark colored.
Urine : turbid and scanty ; cloudy during night, like mealy water, with white sediment ; albuminous, containing cylindrical casts ; deposits greyish-white granules.
Red-colored urine, as if mixed with blood.
Atony of bladder from long retention of urine.
Hemorrhoidal affections of bladder and enlarged prostate.
Intense vesical spasm.
Post-scarlatinal nephritis ; threatening uræmia.
Morbus Brightii : early stage, especially when occurring from blows on loins, or sudden change of temperature.
Diabetes insipidus.

Male sexual organs

Sexual desire : increased ; disturbing sleep at night.
Frightful satyriasis ; violent, painful priapism, with excessive pains.
Strong and persistent erections, painless and without voluptuous sensation.
Erections at night, with contraction and sore pain along urethra.
Frequent nocturnal emissions ; spermotorrhœa from relaxed penis, early in evening, in bed, without sensation ; discharge of blood in place of semen.
Swelling of glans, which is very painful, even to external pressure.
Gonorrhœal phimosis.
Burning in excretory ducts of vesiculæ seminales and in urethra, during and after coition.
Dropsical swelling of penis and scrotum.
(In sick :) Gangrene of penis.
Drawing pain in spermatic cord, while urinating.
Testicles drawn up.
Smegma præputii.
Discharge of prostatic fluid.

Female sexual organs

Oversensitiveness of all parts.
Ovarian region : stitches, arresting breathing ; violent pinching pains, with bearing down towards genitals ; great burning pain.
Inflammation of ovaries after suppressed gonorrhœa.
Cysto-ovarium with urinary difficulties ; hydatids.
Pruritus : with strong sexual desire ; during climacteric period.
Violent itching in vagina.
Swelling of neck of uterus, with burning in bladder ; pain in abdomen ; constant vomiting.
Swelling and irritation of vulva ; vaginismus.
Inflammatory suppuration of womb with extreme tenderness.
Uterine hemorrhage, with great irritation in neck of bladder.
Membranous dysmenorrhœa with dysuria.
Menses : too early, too profuse ; blood black or scanty, breasts painful. θ Sterility.
Menses retarded.
Amenorrhœa, with fulness and pain in head.
Leucorrhœa : with sexual excitement ; in consequence of masturbation ; with prurigo.
Uterine hemorrhage, with great irritation in neck of bladder ; more suitable to sterile women.

Pregnancy. parturition. lactation

Vomiting, with violent retching and severe colic ; burning at pylorus.
Abortion, with constant desire to urinate.
Sterility.
Puerperal convulsions : presence of bright objects ; sight, drinking, or sound of water, and touching larynx reproduce violent spasms.
Promotes fecundity ; expels moles, dead fetuses and placenta.
Retained placenta or membranes, usually with painful urination.
Burning pain ; abdomen sensitive ; peritonitis, with tenesmus of bladder.
Mamma painful ; dysuria.

Voice and larynx. trachea and bronchia

Complete loss of voice ; much cough ; threw himself about in bed, from anxiety. θ Croup.
Speech very low, with sensation of weakness of vocal organs.
Voice : hoarse ; feeble and indistinct.
Burning and stinging in larynx, especially when attempting to hawk up tough mucus.
Catarrh in larger bronchia, with profuse, yellow expectoration.

Respiration

When breathing deeply, and when speaking, she feels as if she dare not exert herself, on account of extraordinary weakness of respiratory organs ; speech therefore weak and timorous.
Oppression of breathing, with sensation of constriction of pharynx.

Cough

Dry, hacking cough.
During cough : shortness of breath ; pain in abdomen ; erections.

Inner chest and lungs

Shooting pain in chest, from front towards back, impeding respiration.
A fine stitch extending from right axilla into chest.
Stitching pain in forepart of right chest ; it then passes downward into right lower ribs.
Stitches in chest, more on right side, or first left, then right ; in lower right chest, extending towards middle of sternum.
Burning in chest.
Exudation within pleura. θ Pleurisy.

Heart, pulse and circulation

Anxiety in cardiac region.
Stitch in heart, followed by a crawling sensation.
Drawing pain in region of heart.
Pulse : very variable, mostly hard, full and frequent, at times intermittent ; frequent and small ; slow, feeble and scarcely perceptible ; more full and rapid in morning.

Outer chest

Stitches in sternum.
Burning in chest.

Neck and back

Stiffness of neck, with tensive pain on stooping.
Stiffness, tearing, and lancinating in nape of neck to head.
Tearing in cervical muscles.
Tearing pain in back, especially mornings.
Pressing, gnawing and tearing in back, while walking, after rising from a seat.
Pain in loins, with incessant desire to urinate.
Pain in loins, kidneys and abdomen, with such pain on urinating that he could not pass a single drop without moaning and screaming.
Lancinations and tearing in os coccygis, causing him to start. θ Coccygodynia.
In left lumbar region, sensation of coldness and formication, on a spot the size of a hand.
Dragging in back, as before menstruation, followed by slight show ; t.
Opisthotonus.

Upper limbs

Tearing and stitching pains in arms.
Drawing pains in shoulder joint.
Eczematous vesicles between fingers, itching and burning fearfully.
Eczematous eruption on dorsum of left hand, between and upon fingers ; burning, pricking, shallow vesicles filling with fluid and soon drying into thin crusts, which peeled off, leaving denuded spots ; < from cool water, > from warmth.

Lower limbs

Coxalgia with spasmodic pains in bladder and strangury.
Tearing from right, later left hip bone, down to knees.
Knees totter when ascending steps.
Violent pains in knees ; sometimes boring.
Pain in soles, as from an ulcer, could not step.
Fearful pain in soles of feet, like an ulcer ; she could not step for four days.
"Going to sleep" of lower extremities.
Contraction of lower limbs.
Darting pain from right foot to right side of head in paroxysms. θ Neuralgia.

Limbs in general

Weakness and trembling of limbs.
Tearing in limbs, relieved by rubbing.
Dropsical swelling of hands and feet.
(In sick :) Cold extremities.
Cold sweat of hands and feet.

Rest. position. motion

Restlessness : compelling him to move about.
Lying down : burning in sides of head.
Stooping : face hot, red and swollen ; stiffness in neck.
Movement : sweat.
Rising : pressing, gnawing and tearing in back.
Walking : vertigo, staggering and fainting ; burning in sides of head ; pressing, gnawing and tearing in back.

Nerves

Restlessness, compelling him to move about continually.
Subsultus tendinum.
Weakness, prostration, faintness, general coldness, collapse. θ Diphtheria.
Universal tetanic spasms, trembling, fainting.
Convulsions, with dysuria and hydrophobic symptoms ; bright light, drink or sound of falling water, touching larynx, or painful parts, cause or renew spasm ; excessive desire for sexual intercourse.
Hysteria with urinary troubles.
Paraplegia occurring in morbus Brightii.
Hemiplegia of right side with aphasia.
Tetanic or epileptiform convulsions, followed by coma.

Sleep

Sleeplessness ; anxious dreams ; erections.
Sleepy, but cannot sleep soundly on account of sudden twitchings. θ Sequel of a burn.

Time

General aggravation after midnight and during day.
Night : hallucinations ; regurgitation of food ; sexual desire.
Morning : confusion of head and pulsation in forehead ; burning sides of head ; coagulated blood in mouth ; tearing pain in back.
Afternoon : burning sides of head.
Evening : constant dull painful sensation in region of kidneys ; emissions ; chill.

Temperature and weather

Warm applications relieve pains in knees.
Open air : lachrymation.

Fever

Chill in evening, not relieved by external warmth.
Burning in palms and soles.
Burning heat at night, which patient does not feel.
Heat, with thirst.
Sweat on genitals.
Cold sweat, especially on hands and feet. θ Collapse.
Cold extremities.
Chill running up back ; succeeded by thirst without heat ; not relieved by external warmth.
Sweat smells like urine.
Sweat from every movement.
Evening fever. Catarrh of bladder.
Typhoid, with difficult and scanty urination, inability to lie on left side, palpitation and great anxiety at night, and a clot of blood comes into mouth for two or three mornings.
In third stage, when there is complete insensibility ; cramps in abdominal muscles and legs ; suppression of urine ; hemorrhages from stomach and intestines ; cold sweat on hands and feet. θ Yellow
fever.

Attacks, periodicity

Some symptoms appear every seventh day.

Locality and direction

Sides : of head, burning.
Right : ear, tearing ; mastoid process ; liver painful and sensitive ; axilla into chest, fine stitching ; tearing in hip bone ; darting pain in foot and head.
Left : lumbar region, sensation of coldness ; eczematous eruption on dorsum of hand and fingers.

Sensations

Raw and sore pain in whole body, internally and externally.
Every part oversensitive, accompanied by excessive weakness.
Burning, stitching and tearing pains predominate.
As if some one was pulling a lock of hair ; as if a red-hot iron was passed along urethra.
Darting, stinging pain on different parts of body at same time. Compare Crot. tigl.
Prickling : after erysipelas.
Stitching : in neck of bladder ; in sides of head and occiput ; in groins ; from axilla into chest ; in heart ; in sternum ; in arms.
Lancinating pain : deep in brain ; nape of neck ; in os coccygis.
Cutting : in both kidneys ; from ureters downward towards penis ; in neck of bladder ; stitches along trachea ; in abdomen ; in groins.
Shooting : in chest.
Pain : in tip of penis ; in abdomen ; in loins ; in knees ; in soles.
Darting pain : from right foot into head.
Boring : in knees.
Tearing : and stitching pains in anus ; on vertex ; in nape of neck ; in back ; in cervical muscles ; in os coccygis ; in arms ; from hip bones to knees ; in limbs.
Drawing : in spermatic cord ; in region of heart ; in shoulder joints.
Dragging : in back.
Burning : in throat ; violent, in stomach ; intestinal tract ; in anus ; in both kidneys ; when urinating ; excretory ducts ; in larynx ; in brain ; in eyes ; in mouth ; in region of pylorus ; about umbilicus ; in
groins ; in bladder ; in chest ; in palms ; in soles.
Biting : in anus ; in eyes.
Stinging : in eyes.
Smarting : in eyes.
Scraped : sensation in throat.
Dull pressing pain : in both kidneys.
Pressure : in scrobiculum.
Dull, heavy pain : in forehead ; in region of kidney.
Throbbing : in head.
Fulness : in head ; in stomach, chest and abdomen.
Dryness : in mouth.
Heaviness : in bladder ; of head ; in occiput.
Coldness : in left lumbar region.
Formication : in lumbar region.
Itching : between fingers ; violent in vagina.
Crawling sensation : in heart.

Tissues

Acts on parenchyma of kidneys and destroys them.
Increased secretions from mucous membranes and ulcerated surfaces.
Hemorrhages from nose, mouth, intestinal canal, urinary and genitals organs.
Great emaciation. θ Catarrh of bladder.
Swelling, heat, redness, even gangrene of parts.
Pleurisy, particularly in morbus Brightii.
Dropsy from atony of urinary organs, with ischuria.
Skin affections, particularly of an erysipelatous, vesicular character.
Suppuration of internal organs.

Touch. passive motion. injuries

On being touched or disturbed had violent attacks, so that it took four men to hold her. θ Acute mania.
Touching the larynx or painful parts renews symptoms. θ Spasms.
Pressure : on stomach produces convulsions ; swelling of glans painful.
Scalds and burns. See 46 .

Skin

Ulcerative pain in skin when touched.
Erythema, from exposure to rays of sun. θ Eczema solaris.
Vesicles all over body, < between toes, which are all sore and suppurating.
Vesicular erysipelas ; blebs swell and exude much watery matter.
Erysipelatous inflammation of skin, followed by prickling.
Superficial ulcerations caused by burns, with burning pains and lachrymation.
Burns, before blisters form, and when they have formed. [Obs. Recommended by Dr. Hering as a most valuable remedy in scalds and burns. The injured part is immersed or bathed in a few drops of the tincture in water. A potency may be given inwardly. To
demonstrate the truth of similia , he frequently challenged skeptics to burn their fingers and then immerse the injured members in a dilution of Cantharides . --The editors.].
Pemphigus.
Psoriasis.
Pityriasis, especially in children.
Itching, changing place, like from lice.
Ulceration and gangrene after exanthematous disease.
Ulcers with itching, tearing and lacerating, or burning, smarting and stinging ; pus copious, inodorous, slightly yellow, sometimes tinged with blood, < from rubbing and scratching.
Carbuncle.
Immovable, firm, hard tumor, directly above symphysis pubis.
Eczema : watery vesicles, as if excoriated ; burning, itching, and when touched burning and smarting ; eruption mostly on right side ; early inflammatory stage.
Petechiæ.
Large burning, painful blisters on an erysipelatous base.
Variola : dysuria and bloody urine ; distressing headache and backache ; eruption not properly developed, or assuming an hemorrhagic hue.

Stage of life, constitution

A boy, æt. 6, light complexion. θ Sequel of a burn.
A woman in third month of pregnancy. θ Eczema of hands.
Woman, æt. 29, scrofulous. θ Kidney affection.

Relations

Antidotes : Acon ., Camphor ., Kali nitr., Lauroc ., Pulsat.
Canthar . antidotes Camphor ., vinegar and alcohol.
Compatible : Bellad., Mercur., Phosphor., Pulsat., Sepia, Sulphur .
Incompatible : Coffea ; oil increases the pernicious effects by rendering the active principle ( Cantharidine ) more soluble, favoring greater absorption.
Compare : Acon., Apis (renal and bladder troubles), Bellad., Bryon . (pleurisy), Camphor., Cannab., Capsic., Cinchon., Cochlearia armor . (renal and bladder troubles), Coffea,
Colocyn . (colic), Doryphora decem . (urethritis, especially children), Equiset . (renal and bladder troubles), Formica rufa, Hydrangea arbor . (renal and bladder troubles), Hyosc.,
Lauroc., Ledum, Linaria vulg . (renal and bladder troubles), Lycop., Mercur . (semen mixed with blood), Phosphor., Pulsat., Rhux tox., Sassafras (urine burns like fire, shreddy particles and blood in it), Seneg.,
Sepia, Stramon., Sulphur .
See introduction to Arnica as to the Arnica fly.
Other drugs vesicatory like Cantharis may be compared, viz. : Arum triph., Cantharis strigosa (on cotton plant), Clemat. vitalb., Clemat. crispa (the Spanish fly feed on
this), Lytta vit . (fly of sweet potato), Maruta cotula (every part of plant acrid), Mezereum, Plantago alis., Ranunc. scel . and Rhus tox .

Lectures on Homoeopathic Materia Medica

James Tyler Kent · Lectures on Homoeopathic Materia Medica · homeoint.org / Séror HTML text (Kent d. 1916; public domain)

Lecture

The most important feature of this medicine is the inflammatory condition, and the most important characteristic in the inflammation is the rapidity with which it develops into a gangrenous state. inflammation conditions usually follow a definite course for days, but when this medicine is put upon a part or taken internally the inflammatory state terminates in death of the part with great rapidity.

When taken internally it proceeds almost immediately to attack the urinary tract and establish a uraemic state which brings about the mental symptoms; the local inflammatory condition comes on with great rapidity, and this brings the patient down violently sick in a great hurry.

From strong doses in the poisonous effect we get startling and alarming symptoms; the whole economy is in disorder; grievous symptoms commonly of the urinary tract. The parts become gangrenous at an early stage.

Mind

The mental symptoms are striking. Among those that are guiding are sudden loss of consciousness with red face. Suddenly goes into stupor. Confusion of mind. Overwhelmed with strange ideas. Thoughts run riot, and go whatever way they will, as if possessed by outside influence.

Head hot, frenzy, delirium, with great excitement and rage, paroxysms renewed by dazzling or bright objects, by touching the larynx or by trying to drink water as in rabies.

Fear and confusion of ideas. The mind often runs towards subjects that the inflamed parts would suggest.

Bladder and genitals

The bladder and genitals are inflamed and the excitement and congestion of the parts often arouse the sexual instinct, so that there are sexual thoughts and sexual frenzy. Violent amorous frenzy, an excitement such as accompanies inflammation attended with thoughts that correspond. The sexual instinct has gone mad, the erections in the male are painful and violent.

The penis is inflamed and sore and it would be painful to have coitus, yet there is this frenzy. Insolence. Blasphemy. Restlessness ending in rage. Restlessness causing him to move constantly, a rage and delirium intermingled with amorous frenzy.

This kind of mental conduct in Cantharis is similar to what will take place in Hyos., Phos., and Secale; a violent delirious state intermingled with sexual ideas and talk. In some instances he deliriously sings lewd songs and prattles on the subject of human genitals, urine and feces, a wild raving on subjects not talked about in health except among the depraved.

But in disease, chaste and modest persons, virgins, will speak so that it is surprising where they have picked up such language. in such cases it is well to exclude everybody from the room except the nurse and doctor. I have seen a dear old mother weep and wring her hands and say:

"Where did my daughter learn such language?"

The daughter is not to blame.

It is simply a condition of the urinary tract or the menstrual function, brought on from cold or exposure, or through the mother's neglect to tell her daughter what she should know in regard, to her menstrual function, and how there is inflammation of the ovaries or uterus, or outside parts, and the urine burns and causes an inflammatory condition of the outer parts, or the urine is retained and there is frenzy. Such in Cantharis.

Violent, bursting, lancinating headaches as if stabbed with a knife an inflammatory condition that takes hold of the mind violently.

Running all through the remedy there is burning. In the head burning, throbbing and stabbing. Unconsciousness and delirium in the mental state. Burning in the side of the head. Stitches in the side of the head and occiput. Lancinating pains deep in the brain. Hair falls out.

It is seldom indicated in eye troubles alone, except such as come with head and mind symptoms.

Erysipelas of the face with large blisters. Burning in the eyes and the whole atmosphere looks yellow. Burning and smarting in the eyes.

Erysipelas of the eyes, with gangrenous tendency. Eyes hot, scalding tears. Erysipelas of the face, dorsum of the nose, involving the lids.

Rhus is more commonly. used in this condition, but when it is violent Canth. will often be indicated and preferable to Rhus, Rhus has the blisters and the burning, but in Canth. between your two visits the erysipelas has grown black, it is dusky, a rapid change has taken place, and it looks as if gangrene would set in.

Burning in the erysipelatous area and the skin around burns from the touch. In Rhus this is not so. In Cantharis the little blisters even if touched burn like fire.

Eruptions burn when touched, ever so lightly, i.e., those eruptions such as the remedy could produce.

This patient enters into a state of prostration, is pallid, has Hippocratic countenance and dies. It corresponds to the lowest forms of disease, even gangrene and violent inflammation of the bowels, bladder, brain, spine and lungs; sinking and hippocratic countenance.

Inflammation of the lungs, gangrenous type, prostration and the lung that is affected burns like fire, and immediately he expectorates cadaverous smelling expectoration, thin, bloody, watery; it has come on in an astonishingly rapid manner, and in a little while he will die; the nose is contracted, there is the hippocratic countenance, and the urine is suppressed.

I remember one patient who had just come out of a prolonged drunk. I left the patient in the evening in just such, a state as I have described.

He was drooling a bloody saliva from his mouth and be was dying. He had had this condition come on in one night from being nearly frozen in a drunk.

It would be Cantharis or death before morning, but by morning he was expectorating a rusty sputum and went on to good recovery.

Arsenic has the burning in the lungs and he spits up black sputum, pneumonia signs are present, with the restlessness and anxiety, and other symptoms of Arsenic, and Ars enic will stop it at once. These violent remedies are needed in those cases that will die.

Burning in the throat. Great thirst, with burning in the throat and stomach. Thirst, with aversion to all fluids, that is, the craving of the mouth and throat are antagonized by the mental state. Thirst in the throat and an aversion to water in the mind. Violent, burning in the stomach, pylorus, abdomen.

The abdomen is swollen and tympanitic; lancinating pains cutting and stabbing. Wherever there is a rapid inflammation in the bowels there is diarrhoea of bloody mucus or serum, watery, bloody fluids from the bowels and stomach.

The same watery bloody fluid from the eyes. And wherever this watery fluid comes in contact with the skin it burns and excoriates. Bloody urine.

Desire for stool while urinating. The patient will sit on the commode with violent tenesmus to pass urine and stool, feels that if he could only pass a few more drops of urine or a little more bloody stool he would get relief, but no relief comes. All the parts are inflamed and on fire. Tenesmus and urging not only when the bladder is empty, but often when the bladder is full.

Retention of urine. Passes none or only a drop or two. Violent tenesmus of the bladder. Cutting pains with tenesmus, lancinating, stabbing like knives, in neck of bladder.

Pains shoot off in different directions. Violent pains with frequent urging. Constant tenesmus. An anxious state and frenzy come on; most violent suffering and be has urging to pass urine and stool with sexual erethism tantalizing in the extreme.

The whole urinary organs and genitalia are in a state of inflammation and gangrene. Burning when urinating. This bloody urine burns like fire in the bladder and about the genitals. Retention or suppression of urine.

It is rare that one suffering from gonorrhea has this violent inflammation, with burning and tenesmus of the bladder and rectum, but in such a case this remedy is indicated. The intensity and rapidity are the features of this remedy. It brings on pain and excitement found in no other remedy. Next to it comes Merc. cor.

In the female there is oversensitiveness of all parts. Inflammation of the ovaries and uterus. Burning in the vagina. Membranous dysmenorrhoea. Menses too early, profuse, black.

Puerperal convulsions. Retained placenta. Burning pains. When there have been no expulsive pains present to expel the afterbirth, with the symptoms running all through this remedy, after it has been given, normal contractions of the uterus have come on with expulsion of the membranes.

Violent lancinating pains through the kidneys and back. Pains in the loins and abdomen. Pain on urinating so that he moaned and screamed on passing a drop.

The Therapeutics of Fevers

H. C. Allen · The Therapeutics of Fevers · 1902 Library of Congress printing (Allen d. 1909; public domain)

Characteristic

Pain; raw, sore, burning in every part of body, both internally and externally; with excessive weakness.

Over-sensitiveness of all parts.

Disgust for everything; drink, food, tobacco.

Drinking, even small quantities of water increases pain in the bladder.

Passage of white or pale-red tough mucus with stool, like scrapings from the intestines, with streaks of blood (Carb. ac., Colch.).

Constant desire to urinate, passing but a few drops at a time, which is mixed with blood (Sudden desire, itching in urethra, Petrol.).

Intolerable tenesmus vesicæ, before, during and after urination.

Burning, cutting pains in urethra during micturition; violent tenesmus and strangury.

Bloody, nocturnal emissions (Led., Mer., Petr.).

Sexual desire: increased, both sexes; preventing sleep; violent priapism, with excessive pain (Pic. ac.).

Skin: vesicular erysipelas; vesicles all over body which are sore and suppurating.

Erythema from exposure to sun's rays (sunburn).

Aggravation

Oil and coffee; drinking, or even sight of cold water (Lys., Stram.); after midnight and during the day.

Amelioration

Warmth; rubbing; lying down.

Type

No periodicity of fever. Many conditions or symptoms appear every seventh day. Typhoid; yellow fever.

Time

3 P. M. till 3 A. M.—long-lasting chill (Aran., 24 hours).

At all hours in afternoon, from 1 to 10 P. M.

Chill

Without thirst, in afternoon or evening, not > by external warmth or covering (Ars., Ign., Kali c., are all relieved by external heat—worse from external heat, Apis, Ipec.). General coldness of the whole body, especially the limbs. Coldness and chills as soon as she attempts to rise, or puts one limb out of bed. Shivering and chill down the spine; feeling of coldness in the vertebral column (pain all down the spine on pressure, Quinine). Shaking chill beginning in, or running up the back (Caps., Eup. purp.). Icy-coldness of hands and feet, with fearful pains in the urethra. Chill followed by thirst, without heat. Children pass urine frequently during chill.

Heat

With thirst; burning in the palms and soles; burning heat at night, which she does not feel (unbearable heat; extreme restlessness, Ars.). Burning on soles of feet, while hands are icy-cold. Burning, violent fever; great heat, with thirst, and redness all over the body. Great heat of abdomen (Apis).

Sweat

Profuse, on waking at night; when walking; from every movement (Bry., Camph.); cold on the hands and feet; on the genitalia and external pelvic region; smells like urine.

Tongue

Coated with thick, yellow fur; red at the edges. Taste lost; trembling tongue.

Disgust for everything. Canine hunger, especially for meat (see Arn.). Every paroxysm characterized by the Cantharis dysuria.

Apyrexia

Irritation of the urinary organs, difficult, frequent and painful urination. Scanty and painful emission of blackish urine; then secretion of urine increased to four-fold the amount of liquids taken, with great thirst and desire for meat (aversion to meat, Arn.). Very thirsty, but disgust for all kinds of drinks.

Heaviness of the feet, a paralytic immobility of the limbs; must lie in bed.

Hemorrhages; from nose, mouth, stomach, intestines, genital and urinary organs, especially in typhoid and yellow fever.

Analysis

The violent tenesmus, the burning, cutting pains in bladder and urethra is the red strand of the remedy in fevers as in all diseases. Chill followed by thirst without heat; the < of pain in bladder from drinking, the craving for meat and urinal odor of sweat are peculiar.